Products>Complex Air Defense: Countering the Hypersonic Missile Threat

Complex Air Defense: Countering the Hypersonic Missile Threat

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In the past five years, Russia, China, and others have accelerated their development of hypersonic missiles to threaten U.S. forces in the homeland and abroad. The current Ballistic Missile Defense System, largely equipped to contend with legacy ballistic missile threats, must be adapted to this challenge. The same characteristics that make hypersonic missiles attractive may also hold the key to defeating them. This CSIS report argues how a new hypersonic defense architecture should exploit hypersonic weapons’ unique vulnerabilities and employ new capabilities, such as a space sensor layer, to secure critical nodes. These changes are not only necessary to mitigate the hypersonic threat but to defeat an emerging generation of maneuvering missiles and aerial threats.

List of Figures V

Introduction 1

Findings 3

1 | An Attribute, Not a Thing 5

Taxonomy Blurring into Spectrum 8

Vulnerabilities of Hypersonic Flight 10

Defense Is Possible 13

2 | The Current Programmatic Context 17

Space Sensors 19

Interceptor Development 23

Command and Control 27

Budget Outlook 28

3 | Channeling the Threat 29

Encouraging Maneuver 30

Mobility and Distribution 32

4 | Exploiting New Failure Modes 34

Area-Wide Effects 35

Twenty-First Century Flak 37

Directed Energy 38

Modular Payloads 39

5 | Reformulating the Mission 41

Preferential Defense 42

Passive Defense and Deception 42

Missile Defeat 43

Data, Doctrine, and Organization 43

6 | International Cooperation and the Industrial Base 45

Conclusion: A Difficult but Tractable Problem 48

About the Authors 50

Endnotes 51

Tom Karako is a senior fellow with the International Security Program and the director of the Missile Defense Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).

Masao Dahlgren is a research associate with the Missile Defense Project at CSIS.

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